Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): RSV disease

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1.Why in news:-

* According to an estimate , Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was responsible for more then 1,00,000 deaths in children under five worldwide in 2019.

*   Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is most common cause of acute (fast) lower respiratory infection(निचली श्वसन पथ) in young children.

2.Key findings :-(मुख्य निष्कर्ष)

* The study is the first to examine RSV disease burden in narrow age brackets. 

* As per 2015 estimates, the number of annual cases of RSV IN Children up to five year old were 3.3 crore. 

* In 2019 , too, there were 3.3 crore Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - associated acute lower respiratory infection in children under five year old.

* This account for 2% of annual deaths from any cause in this age range.

In India :-

                * According to the report the incidence rate is 53 % 1,000 children per year (5.3%)

                * An approximate 61,86,500 episodes of Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) - associated acute lower respiratory infection in children below five years.

*Globally, only 26 % RSV - associated deaths occur in a hospital. 

                    * This is particularly apparent in low and middle-income countries.

                    * Overall, 97 % of RSV deaths in children under five occurred in low and middle-income countries.

  

3. About Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

* RSV is also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus.   

* It is a common , contagious virus that causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract.

* It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.

* Its name is derived from the large cells known as syncytia that form when infected cells fuse.

* RSV spreads through contact with respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing etc.) from an infected person.

* RSV can survive for many hours on hard surfaces such as tables and crib rails.

* The virus typically lives on soft surfaces such as tissues and hands for shorter amounts of time.

* Symptoms :-

                       * Like influenza (flu) or COVID-19 , symptoms of RSV infection usually include-

                           > runny nose ,

                           > coughing ,

                           > sneezing ,

                           > fever , 

                           > decreased appetite , and 

                           > Wheezing

* Treatment :-

                      * An antiviral drug called palivizumab is available to prevent severe RSV illness in high-risk infants. 

                      * However , the use of palivizumab is limited

                        :- It does not help cure or treat children already suffering from serious RSV disease , and cannot prevent RSV infection.

    

Question :- Consider the following Statements with reference to the Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV):

1.  It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.

2. Like influenza or COVID-19 , Symptoms of RSV infection include runny nose , coughing ect.

3. An Antiviral drug called palivizumab ia available to prevent RSV infection.

Which of the Statements given above are correct ?

A) 1 and 2 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Ans :-  D

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