Supper 20-20 Classes: July 2021

Wednesday, 7 July 2021

Child Labour in India

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Child Labour in India: An Unavoidable Dilemma

Outline:-

* Meaning of child Labour

* Reasons of increase in India

* Role of the government of fight against child labour.

* NGO's important role.

* Some suggestions to do away with this problems.

* Ensuring foolproof low for education.

* New law passed.

Childhood is consider to be the golden period of one's life but this doesn't hold for some children who struggle to make their both end meet during their childhood years . At a tender age , which is supposed to be an age of playing and going to school , they are compelled to work in factories, industries , offices or as domestic helps. Child labour means employment of children in any kind of work that hampers their physical and mental development, deprives them of their basic educational and recreational requirements . It is a blot on our society and speaks volumes about the inability of our society to provide a congenial environment for the growth and development of the children

Earlier, the children used to help their parents in agricultural in agricultural practices such as sowing, harvesting, reaping and taking care of cattle etc. But industrialisation and urbanisation have in a way encouraged child labuor. Children are employee in hazardous etc. In the bidi rolling , cracker industry, pencil , matchbox and bangle making industries etc. In the bidi industry, children are expected to perform all the chores of rolling , binding and closing the ends of bidis using their nimble fingers. The cracker industry poses threat to the lives of the children due to their make the child susceptible to different respiratory problems and lung, cancer , in the worst cases . Besides , children are employed as labourers in the garment , leather , jewellery and sericulture industy.

A number of other factors could be attributed to the rise of this menace. In the poor and lower strata families, children are considered to be an extra earning hand . These families have a conviction that every child is an earner so, more the number of children . The children are expected to shoulder their parents' responsibilities. Parental illiteracy is also one of the contributors to this problem. Education tends to take a backseat in the lives of these children . The uneducated parents consider education as an investment in comparison to the returns which they get in the form of earning of their children . The child labourers are subjected to unhygienic conditions, late working hours and different atrocities which have a direct effect on their cognitive development . The young and immature minds of the children find it difficult to cape with such situations leading to different emotional and physical problems. Employers also prefer

Tuesday, 6 July 2021

Digital India

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Digital India: Objectives and Challenges

*Vision of Digital India.

*Aims of this programme.

*Challenges of this programme.

*The overall scope of Digital India.

*Appreciated by the global investors.

The vision of Digital India is to transform the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It would ensure that government services are available to citizens electronically. This programme was launch on 2nd July , 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks and improving digital literacy.

This progromme will be implemented in phases till 2018 . This programme has been envisaged by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY) with the active participation of Ministry of Communications and IT, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development and Ministry of Health.

Right from the day of its launch , the programme has managed to garner praises from across the different sectors and is considered to play an important role in the transformation of India's digital infrastructure. It will act as a catalyst for the investment in the information technology sector and thus, generate employment.

Digital India programmers is centered on three key vision areas viz , infrastructure as utility to every citizen, Governance and service and demand and digital empowerment of citizens.

1) Digital infrastructure as a utility to every citizen includes high speed internet as a core utility shall be made available in all Gram Panchayats. Cradle to given digital identity, unique, lifelong, online and authenticable . Mobile phone and bank account would enable participation in digital and financial space at individual level . Easy access to Common Service center within their locality. Shareable private space on a public cloud. Safe and secure cyber-space in the country.

2)Governance and services on demand include government services available in real time from online and mobile platforms. All citizen entitlements to be available on the cloud to ensure easy access. Government services digitally transformed for improving ease of doing business, Making financial transactions above a threshold, electronic and cashless. Leveraging Global Information System (GIS) for decision support systems and development.

3)Digital empowerment of citizens includes universal digital literacy. All digital resources universally accessible. All government documents /certificates/ to be available on the cloud. Availability of digital resources /services in Indian languages. Collaborative digital platforms for participate governance. Portability of all entitlements for individuals through the cloud.

In lieu of the vision of a Digital India , the government aims to provide high-speed internet connectivity as a utility to every citizen, ensure fast delivery of public services utilising the online platform and build digital literacy among the masses. The Programme aims at connecting India

's cities, towns and villages via high speed broadband, along with a system of networks and data center called the National Information Center.

Some of the facilities which will be provided through this initiative are Government launched a digital locker under the name 'DigiLocker'. Digital locker system aims to minimise the usage of physical documents and enable sharing of e-documents across agencies.

e-hospital portal will help the citizens to avail health services online by issuing a Unique Health Identification number. Attendance.gov.in is a website to keep a record of the attendance of government employees on a real-time basis. This initiative started with implementation of a common Biometric Attendance System (BAS) in the central Government offices located in Delhi.

My Gov.in is a platform to share inputs and ideas on matters and governance. It is a platform for citizen endorsement in governance, through a 'Discuss' 'Do' and 'Disseminate' approach. Early harvest programmers aim at developing an IT platform for mass messaging and biometric attendance for all the government employees. It also aims at sitting up Wi-Fi facilities in all the universities , e-kranti programmers will be helpful for electronic delivery of services such as health care , education , justice, educating farmers etc.

National scholarship portal is one stop solution for end to end scholarship process right from submission of student application, verification, sanction and disbursal to end beneficiary for all the scholarships provided by the Government of India. Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Mobile APP is being used by people and Government organisations for achieving the goals of Swachhh Bharat Mission.

The aim of digital India programme is to achieve zero import of electronics by 2020 through increased level of manufacturing of electronic items such as consumer and medical electronics.With the help of smart cards, efforts will be made to provide clarity on incentives , skill development , government procurement and taxation. The programme also intends to train one crore people in towns and villages in e-Governance , e-kranti, public internet access programme, broadband highway, information access for all, mobile connectivity,early harvest programme, IT for jobs and electronic manufacturing.

As a utility, the internet has a tangible value and should be helpful in reducing the leakages in the welfare scheme and provide huge economic benefits by enabling better decision making. The citizen portal mygov.in acts as a connecting link between the citizens and the government.

The challenges of 'Digital India' project are

*in order to accommodate , such a vast amount of data, India Will require massive data centers with mirroring . Data mirroring means backing up the data at alternate sites.

*This would require a large amount of investment in order to set-up the state of art facilities in different parts of the country. These data centers have to be technically robust in order to prevent any failures .

*The biggest challenge of Digital India is the cyber security. In order to safeguard the data, the government needs to places robust security mechanism in to the picture .

*The cyber lows of the country need to be strengthened and updated according to the international standards.

The overall scope of Digital India is to prepare India fro a knowledge future. On being transformative that is to realise IT (Indian Talent)+IT (Information Technology ) is equal to IT (India Tomorrow) . Making technology central to enabling change . On being an umbrella programme covering many department . Each individual element stands on its own but it is also part of the picture . The weaving together makes the mission transformative in totality.

The global investors have applauded the Digital India programme , Many of them come forward to support this initiative, If the government is successful in implementing the Digital India programe, it will play an important role in the development of economy and stabilising its position in the international market.

Monday, 5 July 2021

GST

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Contemporary Issues

Who to Work in India

1)What is GST

2)Central taxes replaced by GST and state taxes is subsumed by it.

3)The lok Sabha passed the Bill.

4)Provision of the bill.

5)Benefits of GST

i)for Industries and Businesses.

ii)for Central and State Government.

iii)for the Consumers.

1)What is GST :-

Good and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax levied when a consumer buys a good or service . India's current tax scenario is riddled with various indirect taxes which the GST aims to subsume with a single umbrella. The aims of bill to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes on production and distribution prices on good and services.

Cascading effect of taxes is caused due to levy of different charges by State and Union Governments separately. this tax structure raises the tax-burden on Indian products, effect of taxes on production and distribution prices on goods and services .

Central Taxes replaced by GST bill Central Excise Duty, Additional Duties of Excise and Customs, Special Additional Duty of Customs (SAD) , Service Tax and Cess and surcharges on supply of good and service .

State Taxes Subsumed in the GST bill VAT, Central State Tax , Purchase Tax, Luxury Tax , Entry Tax, Entertainment Tax, Taxes on advertisements, lotteries, betting, gambling and State Cess and Surcharge.

The Lok Sabha passed The Constitution (22nd Amendment ) (GST ) bill, 2014 on 8th August , 2016. The bill was passed by two-third majority, with 443 member voting in its favour and against in the final vote. Introduced in Lok Sabha in May 2015, the bill was passed by Rajya Sabha on 3rd August, 2016 with 203 vote in favour and none against. the passage of this historic GST bill has now paved the way fro the concept of one nation, one tax

The Union Government has set the ambitious target to roll out of the goods and service tax, (GST)

from 1st April, 2017 . It was announced by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley after unveiling a detailed road map for GST implementation. This announcement was made after Rajya Sabha had passed the Constitution (22nd Amendment ) (GST) bill 2014.

Provisions of the Bill :-

*The GST will have two components keeping in mind the federal structure of India: the Central GST (CGST) and the State GST (SGST).

*For goods and service that pass through several states or import, the Central will levy another tax, the Integrated GST(IGST).

*Alcohol fro human consumption has been kept out of the purview of GST.

*It empowers the center to impose an additional tax of upto 1% on the inter-state supply of goods for two years or more. This tax will accrue to Sates from where the supply originates.

*Initially, GST will not apply to some product such as petroleum crude, high speed diesel , motor spirit (petrol), natural gas and aviation turbine fuel. The GST Council will decide when GST will be levied on them.

*Tobacco the tobacco products will be subject to GST. The center may also impose excise duty on tobacco.

*Parliament may provide for compensation to states fro revenue losses arising out of the implementation of GST for up to 5 year, based on the recommendations of the GST Council.

Benefits of GST :-

*There will be uniformity of tax rates and structures across the country. It will increase certainty and case of doing business i.e. make it tax natural , irrespective of the choice of place of doing business in the country.

*Due to removal of cascading, it will have a system of seamless tax-credit throughout the value-chain, and across boundaries of Sates. It will help to reduce hidden cost of doing business.

*It would make compliance easy and transparent. The GST regime will have a robust and comprehensive IT system. Therefore , all tax payer service such as registrations, payments , returns, etc will be available to the taxpayer online.

*It will reduce transaction costs of doing business that will eventually lead to an improved competitiveness for the trade and industry.

*The subsuming of major Central and State indirect taxes in GST would the cost of locally manufactured goods and services . It will increase the competitiveness of Indian goods and services in the international market and give boost to Indian exports.

For Central and State Governments :-

*GST backed with a robust end-to-end IT System will be simple and easier to administer than all other indirect taxes of the Center and State levies so far.

*The robust It infrastructure of GST regime will result in better tax compliance that will curb leakages and incentivise tax compliance by traders.

*GST will lead to higher revenue efficiency as it is expected to decrease the co of collection of tax revenues of the government.

For the Consumers :-

*Due to single and transparent tax proportionate to the value of goods, and service it will remove many hidden taxes leading taxes leading to transparency of taxes paid in the final consumer.

*The overall tax burden on most commodities will come down because of efficiency gains and prevention of leakages which will benefit consumers.

Goods and Service Tax has all the ingredients of a modern, seamless taxation system. But its success will depend on taking onboard all the stakeholders and eliminating all the irritants which goes against the principles of GST. Goods and Service Tax will also contribute towards a robust macro-economic parameter,thereby increasing investor sentiment. Finally, the consumer will be ultimate beneficial as it would eliminate the cascading effect of tax.