Hybridization:-
When two molecular orbital connected to each other and make a hybrid orbital, this process is know as a Hybridization.
It is many type of Hybridization someone is written below.
1. sp Hybridization:-
When one s-orbital and one p-orbital is connected to each other and Make a hybrid orbital, this process is know as sp- Hybridization. In this hybrid orbital s-orbital and p-orbital character is 50%-50%.
Example:-C2H2, CaCl2 etc.
Shape of sp Hybrid orbital:-
The shape of sp hybrid orbital is linear and bond angle is 180 degree.
2. sp2 Hybridization:-
When one s-orbital and two p-orbital is connected to each other and make a hybrid orbital, this hybrid orbital is know as sp2 hybrid orbital and this process is know as sp2 Hybridization. In this hybrid orbital s-orbital character is 33.33% and p-orbital character is 66.66%.
Example:- NH3, C2H 4 etc.
Shape of sp2 hybrid orbital:-
The shape of sp2 hybrid orbital is triangular planers and bond angle is 120 degrees.
3. sp3 Hybridization :-
When one s-orbital and three p-orbital is connected to each other and make a hybrid orbital, this hybrid orbital is know as sp3 hybrid orbital and the process is know as sp3 Hybridization. In this hybrid orbital s-orbital character is 25% and p-orbital character is 75%.
Example:- CH4, CCl4 etc.
Shape of sp3 hybrid orbital:-
The shape of sp3 hybrid orbital is tetrahedral Geometry and bond angle is 109.5 degrees.
4. sp3d Hybridization:-
When one s-orbital and three p-orbital and one d-orbital connected to each other and make a hybrid orbital, this hybrid orbital is know as sp3d hybrid orbital and this process is know as sp3d Hybridization. In this hybrid orbital s-orbital character is 20% and p-orbital character is 60% and d-orbital character is 20%.
Example:- PCl5 etc.
Shape of sp3d hybrid orbital:-
The shape of sp3d hybrid orbital is Trigonal bipyramidal Geometry and bond angle is 90 degrees.
Some other topics:-
1. Organic reactions|Introduction of Nucleophile and Electrophile
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